Cat Eye Infection: Signs, Causes, and Treatment

Cats may not be able to tell us when something feels off, but a change in their eyes can reveal a lot. If you’ve noticed redness, discharge, or squinting, your cat could be dealing with an eye infection. These issues can be uncomfortable—and in some cases, affect their vision—so it’s important to understand what’s going on. This blog explores everything you need to know about a cat eye infection, from common signs and potential causes to the treatment options your veterinarian may recommend. Keep reading to get insight into what your cat may be experiencing and when it’s time to call your vet.

 

 

What Is a Cat Eye Infection?

A cat eye infection occurs when bacteria, viruses, or other irritants inflame the tissues around or inside the eye. While some infections may resolve with veterinary care, others could indicate a deeper health concern. Infections can affect one or both eyes and often develop suddenly, with visible symptoms appearing within just a few hours. Some infections are contagious, especially in multi-cat households or shelters. Others may result from environmental irritants or a weakened immune system. Regardless of the cause, prompt veterinary attention can help manage the issue and prevent further complications.

Signs of a Cat Eye Infection

Cats with an eye infection often show noticeable changes in appearance or behavior. While some symptoms might be subtle at first, they typically progress quickly. Below are the most common signs to watch for:

Redness and Swelling

Inflamed eyes often appear red or puffy, especially around the conjunctiva (the pink tissue lining the inside of the eyelids). This irritation may make your cat blink more frequently or squint.

Eye Discharge

Discharge can range in color and consistency. Clear, watery fluid may suggest an early-stage infection or allergy, while yellow or green discharge is often associated with bacterial infections.

Excessive Tearing

Watery eyes, or epiphora, can signal that your cat’s eyes are trying to flush out irritants. Persistent tearing is not normal and should be evaluated.

Squinting or Blinking More Than Usual

If your cat is blinking excessively or keeping one eye closed, they may be experiencing discomfort or sensitivity to light. This is a common sign of a cat eye infection.

Pawing at the Face

Cats often try to relieve irritation by rubbing their eyes or face with their paws. While this behavior may seem harmless, it can worsen the infection or lead to scratches on the eye surface.

Changes in Behavior

Irritated eyes can make cats more withdrawn, lethargic, or sensitive to touch. They may also avoid bright areas or struggle with depth perception.

Causes of Cat Eye Infections

The underlying cause of a cat eye infection can vary widely. In some cases, it stems from a viral illness, while in others, it’s due to bacteria or an environmental trigger. Here are the most common sources of infection:

Viral Infections

Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) is a leading cause of eye infections, especially in young or stressed cats. This virus often results in conjunctivitis and may recur throughout a cat’s life. Calicivirus is another viral contributor and may appear with ulcers or respiratory symptoms.

Bacterial Infections

Secondary bacterial infections often develop after a viral illness or eye injury. Common bacteria include Chlamydia felis and Mycoplasma, which can cause severe conjunctivitis and discharge.

Allergens and Irritants

Environmental factors such as smoke, dust, mold, or chemicals can irritate the eye and lead to inflammation. These reactions may not be infectious but can cause similar symptoms.

Injuries

Scratches or trauma to the eye—often from play, fights, or debris—can create an entry point for infection. Corneal ulcers may also develop as a result of these injuries.

Foreign Bodies

Something as small as a speck of dirt or a loose eyelash can irritate your cat’s eye and trigger inflammation or infection. If left untreated, this can worsen over time.

How Is Cat Eye Infection Diagnosed?

Veterinarians use a combination of physical examination and diagnostic testing to determine the cause of a cat eye infection. Diagnosis allows for appropriate treatment and helps rule out more serious conditions such as glaucoma or corneal damage.

Eye Staining Tests

Fluorescein staining is often used to detect scratches or ulcers on the cornea. A dye is applied to the eye and viewed under a blue light to highlight damaged areas.

Schirmer Tear Test

This test measures tear production to identify dry eye, which can mimic infection symptoms. Inadequate tear production leaves the eye vulnerable to irritation and infection.

Swabbing and Culture

In cases with persistent or severe symptoms, your vet may take a sample of eye discharge to determine the type of bacteria or virus causing the problem. This helps in selecting the most effective treatment.

Treatment Approach for Cat Eye Infections

The treatment plan for a cat eye infection depends on the cause and severity. Your veterinarian will select a course of action that addresses both the symptoms and the root cause.

Medicated Eye Drops or Ointments

Most infections require topical treatments such as antibiotic or antiviral drops. These medications are applied directly to the affected eye, often multiple times per day.

Oral Medications

In more severe cases or when systemic infection is present, your vet may prescribe oral antibiotics or antivirals to support healing.

Supportive Care

Additional care might include using a humidifier to ease respiratory symptoms, gently cleaning the eye area with vet-approved products, and keeping your cat in a stress-free environment.

Isolating Infected Cats

If the infection is contagious, your veterinarian may advise isolating your cat from other pets. This helps reduce the risk of spreading illness in multi-pet homes.

Signs It’s Time to Call Your Veterinarian

A cat eye infection should never be ignored. Symptoms may look mild at first, but can progress quickly and lead to complications if untreated. If you notice any of the signs mentioned—such as eye redness, discharge, or squinting—it’s time to schedule an exam. Prompt veterinary care helps identify the cause and provide effective treatment before the condition worsens. Contact All Pets Vet Hospital in Branchburg, NJ, at 908-707-1555 to book an appointment. Our team is here to evaluate your cat and help restore their comfort and eye health.